Competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in the context of production and export of Ukrainian wheat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51599/is.2024.08.03.12Keywords:
competitiveness, wheat, agricultural enterprises, export, production, yield, sustainable development, economic efficiency.Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in the context of production and export of Ukrainian wheat, in particular, to analyse the impact of sales channels and selling prices on economic efficiency under martial law.
Results. The article reveals the dynamics of Ukrainian wheat exports to the EU countries in 2019–2024 and identifies the main importers. Particular attention is paid to the regional peculiarities of wheat production in Ukraine. It is established that among the regions, the leaders in terms of gross wheat harvest are Odesa and Vinnytsia regions, which demonstrate different approaches to production – intensive and extensive. Based on the grouping of 17494 Ukrainian enterprises by the volume of gross wheat harvest in 2023, a direct relationship between the level of yield and the size of land use of the enterprise was established, which is evidence of a highly intensive method of wheat cultivation. On the example of agricultural enterprises of Kharkiv region, the influence of average prices, sales channels and storage conditions on the economic efficiency of wheat sales is determined. The value of the break-even price of wheat sales is determined and recommendations for enterprises operating in different price segments are proposed.
Scientific novelty. The relationship between production indicators, logistical changes due to geopolitical circumstances and competitive advantages of agricultural enterprises in the wheat market is substantiated. An approach to assessing profitability, taking into account export activity and regional specifics of production, is proposed, which made it possible to identify the impact of pricing and sales channels on the profitability of wheat sales under the conditions of prolonged martial law for the first time at the level of the aggregate of enterprises in the frontline region.
Practical value. The obtained results can be used to develop strategies to increase the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, optimise logistics routes and improve the management system of wheat production and marketing. Emphasis is placed on the importance of diversifying export markets and using innovations to increase yields.
References
Аграрний сектор України у 2023 році: складові стійкості, проблеми та перспективні завдання. Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень. URL: https://niss.gov.ua/doslidzhennya/ekonomika/ahrarnyy-sektor-ukrayiny-u-2023-rotsi-skladovi-stiykosti-problemy-ta.
Статистика вирощування зернових в Україні 2007–2022. ShareUApotential. URL: http://shareuapotential.com/ru/BE/ukrainian-zerno-statistika-vyraschivania-2020.html.
Черемісіна С. Г. Ринок зернових культур в Україні: аналіз сучасного стану та перспективи розвитку. Економіка АПК. 2021. № 2. С. 48–58. https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202102048.
Ільчук М. М., Коновал І. А., Барановська О. Д., Євтушенко В. Д. Ринок зерна в Україні та його стабілізація. Економіка АПК. 2019. № 4. С. 29–38. https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.201904029.
Страпчук С. І. Сталий розвиток аграрних підприємств на засадах циркулярної економіки: монографія. Харків: ДБТУ; Львів: Видавництво «Новий світ – 2000», 2022. 380 с. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24634.77760.
Страпчук С. І. Рівень еколого-економічної диверсифікації: методика оцінювання аспекту сталості сільськогосподарських підприємств. Науковий вісник Мукачівського державного університету. Серія «Економіка». 2021. Т. 8. № 2. С. 101–107. https://doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ.8(2).2021.101-107.
Казьмір В. А. Модернізація структуро-логічної моделі організаційно-економічного механізму функціонування ринку зерна: методологічний вимір. Східна Європа: економіка, бізнес та управління. 2020. № 4. С. 42–47. https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.27-5.
Шандрівська О. Є., Пиж О. В. Дослідження експортного потенціалу зернової промисловості України в умовах війни. Менеджмент та підприємництво в Україні: етапи становлення та проблеми розвитку. 2024. № 6(1). С. 259–270. https://doi.org/10.23939/smeu2024.01.259.
Жаліло Я. А., Базилюк Я. Б., Белінська Я. В. та ін. Конкурентоспроможність економіки України в умовах глобалізації; за ред. Я. А. Жаліла. Київ: НІСД, 2005. 388 с.
Голомша Н. Є., Дзядикевич О. Я. Перспективи світового ринку зерна. Економіка АПК. 2016. № 8. С. 49–52. URL: https://eapk.com.ua/uk/journals/tom-23-8-2016/perspektivi-svitovogo-rinku-zerna.
Ринки пшениці: глобальні тенденції та перспективи. ФАО: Рим, 2020. URL: http://www.fao.org.
Wheat Outlook: analysis of global production and trade. USDA: Washington, 2021. URL: https://www.usda.gov.
Reports on Ukrainian wheat export trends. European Commission’s Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture.
Зернові культури: офіційна статистична інформація за 2021 рік. Київ: Державна служба статистики України, 2021. URL: https://ukrstat.gov.ua.
Сільське господарство Харківської області: стат. збірник за 2023 рік. Харків: Головне управління статистики у Харківській області. 2023. URL: https://kh.ukrstat.gov.ua.
Dolgikh Y. Evaluation and analysis of dynamics of change of efficiency of grain production in Ukraine by DEA method. Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2019. Vol. 5. No. 3. Pp. 47–62. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2019.05.03.04.
Kucher A., Kucher L. Assessment of the sustainable competitiveness of agricultural enterprises on the grain market: case of Ukraine. Baking Business Sustainability Through Life Cycle Management; eds. J. M. Rocha, A. Figurek, A. G. Goncharuk, A. Sirbu. Cham: Springer, 2023. Pp. 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25027-9_13.
Skrypnyk A., Klymenko N., Tuzhyk K., Galaieva L., & Rohoza K. Prerequisites and prospects for sustainable development of grain production in Ukraine. Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2021. Vol. 7. No. 3. Pp. 90–106. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2021.07.03.06.
Svitovyi O., Kirdan O., Gechbaia B. Organizational-economic foundations of formation of value added in grain production. Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2022. Vol. 8. No. 3. Pp. 200–223. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2022.08.03.10.
Hrabynska I., Kosarchyn M., Dąbrowska A. Economic imperatives of financialization of agricultural commodity markets. Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2022. Vol. 8. No. 3. Pp. 5–25. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2022.08.03.01.
Kryshtal H. O. The role of logistics in the development of agriculture of Ukraine in the war conditions. Science and Innovation. 2023. Vol. 19. No. 2. Pp. 73–82. https://doi.org/10.15407/scine19.02.073.
Penkova O., Kharenko A. Transformation of marketing logistics for the export of Ukrainian crop production in the context of a full-scale war with the Russian Federation. Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series Economics. 2023. Vol. 10. No. 1. Pp. 37–48. https://doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ1.2023.037.
Malik M., Kravchenko S., Shpykuliak O., Hudz H. Development of small businesses producing cereals, legumes, and sunflower seeds in wartime conditions. Ekonomika APK. 2024. Vol. 31. No. 1. Pp. 41–53. https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202401041.
Kisiliuk D. Ukraine’s grain exports to the EU countries: chronology and challenges under martial law. Evropsky Politicky a Pravni Diskurz. 2023. Vol. 10. No. 5. Pp. 29–34. https://doi.org/10.46340/eppd.2023.10.5.4.
Shahini E., Korzhenivska N., Haibura Y., Niskhodovska O., Balla I. Ukrainian agricultural production profitability issues. Scientific Horizons. 2023. Vol. 26. No. 5. Pp. 123–136. https://doi.org/10.48077/scihor5.2023.123.
References
National Institute for Strategic Studies (2024). Agrarian sector of Ukraine in 2023: Components of resilience, problems, and prospective tasks. Available at: https://niss.gov.ua/doslidzhennya/ekonomika/ahrarnyy-sektor-ukrayiny-u-2023-rotsi-skladovi-stiykosti-problemy-ta.
ShareUApotential (2023). Grain production statistics in Ukraine 2007–2022. Available at: http://shareuapotential.com/ru/BE/ukrainian-zerno-statistika-vyraschivania-2020.html.
Cheremisina, S. G. (2021). Grain market in Ukraine: analysis of the current state and prospects for development. Ekonomika APK, 2, 48–58. https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202102048.
Ilchuk, M. M., Konoval, I. A., Baranovska, O. D., & Yevtushenko, V. D. (2019). Grain market in Ukraine and its stabilization. Ekonomika APK, 4, 29–38. https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.201904029.
Strapchuk, S. I. (2022). Stalyi rozvytok ahrarnykh pidpryiemstv na zasadakh tsyrkuliarnoi ekonomiky [Sustainable development of agricultural enterprises on the basis of circular economy]. Kharkiv, DBTU; Lviv: Novyi Svit-2000. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24634.77760.
Strapchuk, S. I. (2021). Level of ecological and economic diversification: a methodology for assessing the sustainability of agricultural enterprises. Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series “Economics”, 8(2), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ.8(2).2021.101-107.
Kazmir, V. A. (2020). Modernization of the structural-logical model of the organizational-economic mechanism of the grain market: methodological dimension. East Europe: Economics, Business, and Management, 4, 42–47. https://doi.org/10.32782/easterneurope.27-5.
Shandrivska, O. Ye., & Pyzh, O. V. (2024). Research on the export potential of Ukraine’s grain industry during wartime. Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: Stages of Formation and Development Problems, 6(1), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.23939/smeu2024.01.259.
Zhalilo, Y. A. (Eds.) (2005). Konkurentospromozhnist ekonomiky Ukrainy v umovakh hlobalizatsii [Competitiveness of Ukraine’s economy under globalization]. Kyiv, National Institute for Strategic Studies.
Holomsha, N., & Dziadikiewicz, О. (2016). Prospects for the global grain market. Ekonomika APK, 8, 49–52. Available at: https://eapk.com.ua/uk/journals/tom-23-8-2016/perspektivi-svitovogo-rinku-zerna.
Food and Agriculture Organization (2020). Wheat markets: global trends and prospects. Rome. Available at: http://www.fao.org.
USDA (2021). Wheat outlook: analysis of global production and trade. Washington. Available at: https://www.usda.gov.
European Commission’s Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development (n.d.). Reports on Ukrainian wheat export trends. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture.
State Statistics Service of Ukraine (2021). Grain crops: official statistical information for 2021. Kyiv. Available at: https://ukrstat.gov.ua.
Main Department of Statistics in Kharkiv Region (2023). Agriculture in the Kharkiv region: statistical compilation for 2023. Kharkiv. Available at: https://kh.ukrstat.gov.ua.
Dolgikh, Y. (2019). Evaluation and analysis of dynamics of change of efficiency of grain production in Ukraine by DEA method. Agricultural and Resource Economics, 5(3), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2019.05.03.04.
Kucher A., & Kucher L. (2023). Assessment of the sustainable competitiveness of agricultural enterprises on the grain market: case of Ukraine. In J. M. Rocha, A. Figurek, A. G. Goncharuk, A. Sirbu (Eds), Baking Business Sustainability Through Life Cycle Management (pp. 203–223). Cham, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25027-9_13.
Skrypnyk, A., Klymenko, N., Tuzhyk, K., Galaieva, L., & Rohoza, K. (2021). Prerequisites and prospects for sustainable development of grain production in Ukraine. Agricultural and Resource Economics, 7(3), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2021.07.03.06.
Svitovyi, O., Kirdan, O., & Gechbaia, B. (2022). Organizational-economic foundations of formation of value added in grain production. Agricultural and Resource Economics, 8(3), 200–223. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2022.08.03.10.
Hrabynska, I., Kosarchyn, M., & Dąbrowska, A. (2022). Economic imperatives of financialization of agricultural commodity markets. Agricultural and Resource Economics, 8(3), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2022.08.03.01.
Kryshtal, H. O. (2023). The role of logistics in the development of agriculture of Ukraine in the war conditions. Science and Innovation, 19(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.15407/scine19.02.073.
Penkova, O., & Kharenko, A. (2023). Transformation of marketing logistics for the export of Ukrainian crop production in the context of a full-scale war with the russian federation. Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series Economics, 10(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ1.2023.037.
Malik, M., Kravchenko, S., Shpykuliak, O., & Hudz, H. (2024). Development of small businesses producing cereals, legumes, and sunflower seeds in wartime conditions. Ekonomika APK, 31(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202401041.
Kisiliuk, D. (2023). Ukraine’s grain exports to the EU countries: chronology and challenges under martial law. Evropsky Politicky a Pravni Diskurz, 10(5), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.46340/eppd.2023.10.5.4.
Shahini, E., Korzhenivska, N., Haibura, Y., Niskhodovska, O., & Balla, I. (2023). Ukrainian agricultural production profitability issues. Scientific Horizons, 26(5), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.48077/scihor5.2023.123.
